Mumbai (formerly Bombay)

Mumbai is India’s most populous city and the capital of the Maharashtra state. The metropolis is one of the world’s largest and most densely populated urban areas. It is a leading financial center in India.

Initially, seven different islands made up Mumbai. However, between 1784 and 1845, British engineers brought all these seven islands together, uniting them as one large landmass.

The city is famous as the heart of the Bollywood film industry. It combines iconic old-world charm architecture with strikingly modern high rises.

India’s Caste System

Originating over 3,000 years ago, the caste system divides Hindus into five main categories and is still active in modern-day India. Deeply rooted in Hinduism’s beliefs in karma and reincarnation, this societal organization can dictate where people live, with whom they associate, and even what water they can drink.

Many believe the caste system originated from Brahma, the Hindu God of creation.

The castes are based on Brahma’s body:

1. Brahmins: the eyes and mind of Brahma. Brahmins are frequently priests or teachers.
2. Kshatriyas: the arms of Brahma. Kshatriyas, the “warrior” caste, typically work in the military or government.
3. Vaishyas: the legs of Brahma. Vaishyas generally hold positions as farmers, traders, or merchants.
4. Shudras: the feet of Brahma. Shudras often work in manual labor.
5. Dalits: the “untouchables.” Dalits are considered impure from birth and unworthy to even be near the higher castes.

While the caste system is less prevalent in major cities, it still exists. In rural India, castes are very much alive and determine what job a person can have, to whom they can speak, and what human rights they might have.